Case Studies

Real employment tribunal decisions, explained in plain English for employees. Each case sets out what happened, what the tribunal found, and what it means for you.

234 case studies
Employee-favourable 2004

If you’ve had time off for stress, your employer should check on you when you return.

Once your employer knows you've struggled with stress, its responsibility to check on you continues after you return to work.

Employee-favourable 2004

A failure to make reasonable adjustments can also break your employment contract.

A failure to make reasonable adjustments for a disability can breach both the Equality Act and your employment contract, giving you a potential discrimination claim and a constructive dismissal claim at the same time.

Employee-favourable 2004

Disability may mean your employer must redeploy you, not make you compete.

If a disability prevents you from doing your job, your employer may have a legal obligation to redeploy you to a suitable vacancy without requiring you to compete against other candidates.

Employee-favourable 2004

A grievance alone does not put you and your employer in dispute.

Raising a grievance does not, by itself, put you and your employer in dispute, so a meeting your employer calls "without prejudice" is not automatically protected if your grievance has not genuinely been dealt with first.

Employee-favourable 2004

You can only be dismissed for the charge actually put to you, not a different one.

You can only be fairly dismissed for the specific charge put to you, so pin down exactly what you are accused of.

Employee-favourable 2004

A senior manager threatening to sack you outside any fair process can itself be unlawful.

Threatening dismissal outside a fair process can itself breach your contract.

Employee-favourable 2003

Your employer has to understand your situation properly before deciding on adjustments.

Where the nature of a disability is not straightforward, the duty to make reasonable adjustments can require an employer to carry out a proper assessment before deciding what to do.

Employee-favourable 2002

Raising a concern about your own contract can still count as whistleblowing.

Raising a concern about a breach of your employer's legal obligations can be a protected disclosure, but since 2013 it must have a public interest element beyond your individual situation.

Employee-favourable 2002

Long-running discrimination can still be claimed even for older incidents.

If the discrimination you experienced was part of a pattern over time, the time limit for your claim may run from the most recent act rather than from each individual incident.

Employee-favourable 2002

Being humiliated at work can be enough to end the employment relationship.

If you were publicly humiliated, persistently undermined, or treated in a way that destroyed the working relationship, you may be entitled to resign and claim constructive dismissal. There is no minimum level of severity required.

Employee-favourable 2002

In a whistleblowing claim, what matters is when your employer punished you.

In a whistleblowing claim, the clock runs from when your employer subjected you to detriment, not from when you made your disclosure.

Mixed 2002

Disability law looks at what your condition stops you doing, not what it is called.

When deciding whether someone is disabled under the Equality Act 2010, the law asks what the condition stops them doing, not what the condition is called. A diagnosis is not required.