Case Studies

Real employment tribunal decisions, explained in plain English for employees. Each case sets out what happened, what the tribunal found, and what it means for you.

234 case studies
Employer-favourable 1998

The occupational health adviser works for your employer, not for you.

The occupational health adviser’s duty of care is to your employer, not to you, so if you disagree with an OH report your route is to challenge it with your employer directly, not to treat the OH adviser as your own doctor.

Employee-favourable 1997

Your contract contains a duty of trust and confidence that your employer cannot break.

Every employment contract contains an implied term that your employer will not act in ways designed to destroy the trust between you. They cannot opt out of it, and breaching it gives you legal remedies.

Employer-favourable 1997

If your employer treated you badly, that alone doesn’t prove discrimination.

An employer treating you unreasonably is not, by itself, evidence of discrimination. You need to show a real or hypothetical comparator was treated better.

Employee-favourable 1996

Your employer can be liable for discrimination by colleagues even if it did not know about it.

The law holds your employer accountable for discrimination or harassment by colleagues on the job, whether or not management ever knew or approved.

Employee-favourable 1995

Your employer has an implied legal obligation to give you a proper opportunity to raise and resolve grievances at work.

Every employment contract contains an implied term that your employer must give you a reasonable and prompt opportunity to raise and resolve grievances. This is a legal entitlement, not just a matter of good practice.

Employee-favourable 1995

Dismissing someone because she is pregnant is discrimination in itself, no comparison needed.

If you're dismissed because you're pregnant, that's discrimination in itself, you don't need to compare your treatment to anyone else's.

Employee-favourable 1995

Your employer can be liable for psychiatric injury caused by overwork.

Your employer owes you a duty of care that covers psychiatric injury from overwork. Once it knows you are at risk, it must act.

Employee-favourable 1994

Withdrawing the support you need to do your job can be a breach of contract.

You are entitled to the reasonable support your job needs to be done. Strip that away and then hold you responsible for the results, and your employer may be in breach of your contract.

Employee-favourable 1994

Your employer can be sued if a careless reference costs you a new job.

Your employer owes you a duty of care when writing your reference, and can be liable if they get it wrong through carelessness.

Employee-favourable 1990

Not knowing what you are accused of makes a disciplinary process unfair.

Before a disciplinary hearing, you were entitled to know what you were accused of, to see the evidence being used against you, and to have a genuine opportunity to respond. If those things did not happen, the process was not fair.

Employee-favourable 1990

A single act of harassment can be serious enough to justify leaving your job.

A single serious act of harassment is enough to ground a discrimination claim and, in some cases, a constructive dismissal claim. Your employer’s failure to investigate makes their position worse, not better.

Employee-favourable 1990

A manager humiliating you at work in public can be treated as a dismissal.

Your employer is responsible for how your manager treats you, not just for decisions made at head office.