A comparator is someone in a similar situation to you but without your protected characteristic (for example, a different race, sex, or disability status), used to judge whether you were treated worse because of who you are. A tribunal compares your treatment to a real comparator if one exists, or to a hypothetical one if it doesn’t.
In practice
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In a case about a comparatorA comparator is someone in a similar situation to you but without your protected characteristic (for example, a different race, sex, or disability status), used to judge whether you were treated worse... test, an employee couldn't show a real colleague was treated better, so the tribunal considered how a hypothetical comparator in the same role would have been treated.